Cultivating Citizenship and Participation Through Culture: The Use of Participatory Planning Methods for Community-Based Watershed Management in Santo Andre, Brazil

نویسنده

  • Layla Saad
چکیده

Introduction Throughout the past three decades governments, international development agencies and various non-governmental organisations have increasingly reflected an interest in adopting, either in policy or rhetoric, the idea of community participation. One of the greatest polemics encountered both in discourse and practise involves the interpretation and subsequent meaning that different ideologies attribute to participation. Since not all forms of participation are democratic and/or productive, the degree, level and objectives of participation remain in question especially in our pluralistic urban centres. If planning intends to be an inclusive and democratic endeavour we must search for diversified channels of participation that are comfortable and accessible to various social segments, and that simultaneously contribute to the larger goal of fostering more equal, just and healthy communities.

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تاریخ انتشار 2003